June 18th, 2008
Mozilla Firefox 3 browser was downloaded 8.3 million times on single day, which beat the goal of 5 million downloads, it is a new world record now! There was no previous world record to download a software in single day! The browser was downloaded in 200 different countries, with the top ten being;
U.S.
Germany
Japan
Spain
UK
France
Iran
Italy
Canada
Poland
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June 17th, 2008
alias Create an alias
apropos Search Help manual pages (man -k)
awk Find and Replace text, database sort/validate/index
break Exit from a loop
builtin Run a shell builtin
bzip2 Compress or decompress named file(s)
cal Display a calendar
case Conditionally perform a command
cat Display the contents of a file
cd Change Directory
cfdisk Partition table manipulator for Linux
chgrp Change group ownership
chmod Change access permissions
chown Change file owner and group
chroot Run a command with a different root directory
cksum Print CRC checksum and byte counts
clear Clear terminal screen
cmp Compare two files
comm Compare two sorted files line by line
command Run a command - ignoring shell functions
continue Resume the next iteration of a loop
cp Copy one or more files to another location
cron Daemon to execute scheduled commands
crontab Schedule a command to run at a later time
csplit Split a file into context-determined pieces
cut Divide a file into several parts
date Display or change the date & time
dc Desk Calculator
dd Data Dump - Convert and copy a file
ddrescue Data recovery tool
declare Declare variables and give them attributes
df Display free disk space
diff Display the differences between two files
diff3 Show differences among three files
dig DNS lookup
dir Briefly list directory contents
dircolors Colour setup for `ls’
dirname Convert a full pathname to just a path
dirs Display list of remembered directories
du Estimate file space usage
echo Display message on screen
egrep Search file(s) for lines that match an extended expression
eject Eject removable media
enable Enable and disable builtin shell commands
env Environment variables
ethtool Ethernet card settings
eval Evaluate several commands/arguments
exec Execute a command
exit Exit the shell
expand Convert tabs to spaces
export Set an environment variable
expr Evaluate expressions
false Do nothing, unsuccessfully
fdformat Low-level format a floppy disk
fdisk Partition table manipulator for Linux
fgrep Search file(s) for lines that match a fixed string
file Determine file type
find Search for files that meet a desired criteria
fmt Reformat paragraph text
fold Wrap text to fit a specified width.
for Expand words, and execute commands
format Format disks or tapes
free Display memory usage
fsck File system consistency check and repair
ftp File Transfer Protocol
function Define Function Macros
gawk Find and Replace text within file(s)
getopts Parse positional parameters
grep Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern
groups Print group names a user is in
gzip Compress or decompress named file(s)
hash Remember the full pathname of a name argument
head Output the first part of file(s)history Command History
hostname Print or set system name
id Print user and group id’s
if Conditionally perform a command
ifconfig Configure a network interface
import Capture an X server screen and save the image to file
install Copy files and set attributes
join Join lines on a common field
kill Stop a process from running
less Display output one screen at a time
let Perform arithmetic on shell variables
ln Make links between files
local Create variables
locate Find files
logname Print current login name
logout Exit a login shell
look Display lines beginning with a given string
lpc Line printer control program
lpr Off line print
lprint Print a file
lprintd Abort a print job
lprintq List the print queue
lprm Remove jobs from the print queue
ls List information about file(s)
lsof List open files make Recompile a group of programs
man Help manual
mkdir Create new folder(s)
mkfifo Make FIFOs (named pipes)
mkisofs Create an hybrid ISO9660/JOLIET/HFS filesystem
mknod Make block or character special files
more Display output one screen at a time
mount Mount a file system
mtools Manipulate MS-DOS files
mv Move or rename files or directories
netstat Networking information
nice Set the priority of a command or job
nl Number lines and write files
nohup Run a command immune to hangups
nslookup Query Internet name servers interactively
passwd Modify a user password
paste Merge lines of files
pathchk Check file name portability
ping Test a network connection
popd Restore the previous value of the current directory
pr Prepare files for printing
printcap Printer capability database
printenv Print environment variables
printf Format and print data
ps Process status
pushd Save and then change the current directory
pwd Print Working Directory
quota Display disk usage and limits
quotacheck Scan a file system for disk usage
quotactl Set disk quotas
ram ram disk device
rcp Copy files between two machines.
read read a line from standard input
readonly Mark variables/functions as readonly
remsync Synchronize remote files via email
return Exit a shell function
rm Remove files
rmdir Remove folder(s)
rsync Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees)
screen Terminal window manager
scp Secure copy (remote file copy)
sdiff Merge two files interactively
sed Stream Editor
select Accept keyboard input
seq Print numeric sequences
set Manipulate shell variables and functions
sftp Secure File Transfer Program
shift Shift positional parameters
shopt Shell Options
shutdown Shutdown or restart linux
sleep Delay for a specified time
sort Sort text files
source Run commands from a file `.’
split Split a file into fixed-size pieces
ssh Secure Shell client (remote login program)
strace Trace system calls and signals
su Substitute user identity
sum Print a checksum for a file
symlink Make a new name for a file
sync Synchronize data on disk with memory
tail Output the last part of files
tar Tape ARchiver
tee Redirect output to multiple files
test Evaluate a conditional expression
time Measure Program running time
times User and system times
touch Change file timestamps
top List processes running on the system
traceroute Trace Route to Host
trap Run a command when a signal is set(bourne)
tr Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
true Do nothing, successfully
tsort Topological sort
tty Print filename of terminal on stdin
type Describe a command
ulimit Limit user resources
umask Users file creation mask
umount Unmount a device
unalias Remove an alias
uname Print system information
unexpand Convert spaces to tabs
uniq Uniquify files
units Convert units from one scale to another
unset Remove variable or function names
unshar Unpack shell archive scripts
until Execute commands (until error)
useradd Create new user account
usermod Modify user account
users List users currently logged in
uuencode Encode a binary file
uudecode Decode a file created by uuencode
v Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b’)
vdir Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b’)
vi Text Editor
watch Execute/display a program periodically
wc Print byte, word, and line counts
whereis Report all known instances of a command
which Locate a program file in the user’s path.
while Execute commands
who Print all usernames currently logged in
whoami Print the current user id and name (`id -un’)
Wget Retrieve web pages or files via HTTP, HTTPS or FTP
xargs Execute utility, passing constructed argument list(s)
yes Print a string until interrupted
. Run a command script in the current shell
### Comment / Remark
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June 15th, 2008
Wordpress Backup-MYSQL commands
If you want backup the large database phyMyAdmin could not manage it properly, so it is best you can backup your data by using straight MySQL commands. Check the following process to backup using MYSQL commands;
1. Change your directory to the directory you want to load things to:
user@linux:~> cd files/blog
2. Use mysqldump to dump all database tables. To dump only specific tables from the database, give their names at the place shown by (tablename tablename tablename), and omit the parentheses ( ) in any case. (For help, try: man mysqldump.):
user@linux:~/files/blog> mysqldump –add-drop-table -h mysqlhostserver
-u mysqlusername -p databasename (tablename tablename tablename) | bzip2
-c > blog.bak.sql.bz2
Enter password: (enter your mysql password)
user@linux~/files/blog>
Example:
mysqldump –add-drop-table -h db01.example.net -u dbocodex -p dbwp | bzip2 -c > blog.bak.sql.bz2
Enter password: my-password
user@linux~/files/blog>
The bzip2 -c after the | (pipe) means the backup is compressed on the fly, and the > blog.bak.sql.bz2 sends the bzip output to a file named blog.bak.sql.bz2. It perform in one line the same thing that these two commands do:
mysqldump –add-drop-table -h db01.example.net -u dbocodex -p dbwp > blog.bak.sql
bzip2 blog.bak.sql
You have done it!
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June 13th, 2008
Google introducing a “Universal Search” system that will add listings from its news, local, video, images, and book search engines through which it gathers from crawling web pages. Google search for Universal should be more, well, universal. Both the searcher and search marketer will get benefit from this model andthe vertical search will see new opportunities. [Check the illustrated guide]

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June 11th, 2008
Here is the chart of basic general information which contain about the distributions, the creator or producer, release date and latest version and other information.
| Distribution |
Creator |
Producer |
First public release (yyyy-MM-dd) |
Base distribution |
Latest release date |
Purpose |
| 64 Studio |
Daniel James, Free Ekanayaka |
64 Studio Ltd. |
2005-05-09 |
Debian |
2007-07-27 |
multimedia |
| Alinex |
Alinex Team, University of Évora |
Alinex Team, University of Évora |
2005-12-06 |
Ubuntu |
2008-03-07 |
General purpose |
| aLinux |
Jay Klepacs |
Jay Klepacs |
? pre-1999-08-19 (1.1) |
Red Hat Linux |
2006-11-08 |
desktop |
| ALT Linux |
ALT Linux Team |
ALT Linux Team |
2001-03-21 |
none |
2007-12-27 |
desktop, workstation, server |
| Annvix |
Vincent Danen |
Vincent Danen |
2003-11-? |
Mandrake Linux |
|
server |
| Arch Linux |
Judd Vinet |
dev team |
2002-03-11 |
none |
2007-10-07 |
general purpose |
| Ark Linux |
Bernhard Rosenkraenzer |
dev team |
2003-01-25 |
none |
2008-05-14 |
desktop |
| Arudius |
Haidut |
dev team |
2005-11-04 |
none |
2006-02-06 |
information assurance, security |
| Asianux |
Red Flag Linux, Miracle Linux, Haansoft Linux |
dev team |
2004-06-? |
RHEL |
2007-09-22 |
workstation, server |
| Aurox |
Software-Wydawnictwo Sp. z oo |
Aurox Sp. z oo |
2002-09-? |
Fedora |
2006-08-31 |
general purpose |
| BLAG |
Brixton Linux Action Group |
Brixton Linux Action Group |
2002-10-22 |
Fedora |
2007-11-11 |
desktop |
| Caixa Mágica |
Daniel Neves, José Guimarães, Paulo Trezentos |
Caixa Mágica Software |
2000-10-28 |
Mandriva Linux |
2008-02-20 |
desktop, server |
| CentOS |
CentOS Project |
CentOS Project |
2003-12-? |
RHEL |
2007-12-02 |
server |
| CRUX |
Per Liden |
CRUX Linux community |
2001-01-20 |
none |
2007-12-22 |
general purpose |
| Damn Small Linux |
John Andrews |
dev team |
2003-?-? |
Knoppix |
2008-04-22 |
general purpose |
| Debian |
Ian Murdock |
Debian Project |
1993-08-16 |
none |
2007-04-08 |
general purpose |
| Desktop Light Linux |
Henry Jensen |
Henry Jensen |
2002-10-? |
none |
2008-05-28 |
desktop |
| DeMuDi |
AGNULA |
AGNULA |
2002-04-? |
Debian |
2005-11-03 |
producing audio, video |
| dyne:bolic |
Jaromil |
Jaromil |
2001-06-? |
none |
2007-09-22 |
producing audio, video |
| Elive |
Thanatermesis |
Thanatermesis |
2005-01-01 |
Debian |
2007-07-05 |
desktop |
| EnGarde Secure Linux |
Guardian Digital, Inc. |
Guardian Digital, Inc. |
2001-?-? |
none |
|
server |
| Fedora |
Fedora Project |
Fedora Project |
2003-11-05 |
Red Hat Linux |
2008-05-13 |
general purpose |
| Finnix |
Ryan Finnie |
Ryan Finnie |
2000-03-22 |
Debian |
2008-01-29 |
server administration |
| Foresight Linux |
Ken VanDine |
dev team |
2004-12-? |
rPath |
|
desktop, workstation, gnome showcase |
| Frugalware |
Miklos Vajna |
dev team |
2004-09-? |
Slackware |
2008-03-11 |
general purpose |
| Gentoo Linux |
Daniel Robbins |
Gentoo Foundation, Inc. |
2002-3-? |
none |
2007-05-07 |
general purpose |
| gNewSense |
Brian Brazil and Paul O’Malley |
dev team |
2006-11-02 |
Ubuntu (8.04) |
2008-04-30 |
desktop |
| Gnoppix |
Klaus Knopper |
dev team |
? pre-2003-07-17 (0.4) |
Knoppix |
2005-09-07 |
live CD |
| gnuLinEx |
Regional Government of Extremadura |
dev team |
2002-06-09 |
Debian |
2006-06-20 |
desktop |
| GoboLinux |
Hisham Muhammad, Andre Detsch |
dev team |
2002-06-? |
none |
2008-03-30 |
desktop |
| Impi Linux |
Gauteng Linux Users Group |
Impi Linux (Pty) Ltd. |
2003-11-? |
Debian |
2006-01-31 |
desktop |
| Kanotix |
Jörg Schirottke (Kano) |
dev team |
2003-12-24 |
Debian, Knoppix |
2007-12-31 |
live CD, desktop |
| Knoppix |
Klaus Knopper |
dev team |
? pre-2003-01-19 (3.1) |
Debian |
2008-03-27 |
live CD |
| KnoppMyth |
Cecil Watson |
dev team |
? |
Debian, Knoppix |
2007-09-09 |
Live Frontend, Desktop |
| Kurumin Linux |
Carlos Morimoto |
GuiadoHardware |
2003-01-? |
Knoppix |
2007-02-21 |
desktop, live CD |
| Linspire |
Lindows.com, Inc. |
Linspire, Inc. |
2002-03-? |
Debian |
2007-10-10 |
desktop |
| Freespire |
Lindows.com, Inc. |
Linspire, Inc. |
2002-03-? |
Debian/Ubuntu(developing) |
2007-08-07 |
desktop |
| Linux Mint |
Clement Lefebvre |
dev team |
2006-08-27 |
Ubuntu |
2008-06-08 |
desktop |
| Lunar Linux |
Chuck Mead, Lunar Penguin Project |
dev team |
2002-03-? |
Sorcerer |
2006-04-06 |
desktop, workstation |
| Mandriva Linux |
Mandrakesoft S.A. |
Mandriva S.A. |
1998-7-23 (5.1 (venice)) |
Red Hat Linux |
2008-04-09 |
general purpose |
| MontaVista Linux |
MontaVista Software |
MontaVista Software |
1999-?-? |
Debian |
2007-03-? |
embedded systems |
| Musix GNU+Linux |
Marcos Guglielmetti |
? |
? |
Knoppix, Kanotix, Debian |
2007-03-05 |
producing audio |
| NimbleX |
Bogdan Radulescu |
Bogdan Radulescu |
2005-12-? |
Slackware |
2006-12-25 |
desktop |
| Nitix |
Net Integration Technologies, Inc. |
Net Integration Technologies, Inc. |
2001-?-? |
none |
2006-10-18 |
server |
| Open Enterprise Server on Linux |
Novell |
Novell, Inc. dev team |
2003 |
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server |
2007-10-08 |
server |
| openSUSE |
SUSE Linux / Novell |
Novell, Inc. & openSUSE community |
1994-03-? |
SUSE Linux |
2007-10-04 |
desktop |
| Paipix |
António Amorim |
António Amorim |
2004 |
Debian |
2007-10-17 |
science |
| Pardus |
TUBITAK |
TUBITAK |
2005 |
none |
2007-11-19 |
general purpose |
| Parsix |
Alan Baghumian |
Parsix Project |
2005-01-25 |
Kanotix, Debian |
2007-10-05 |
desktop |
| PCLinuxOS |
Bill Reynolds |
dev team |
2003-11-? |
Mandriva |
2007-05-21 |
desktop |
| Pie Box Enterprise Linux |
PixExcel |
PixExcel |
2004-04-19 |
Red Hat Enterprise Linux |
2006-08-15 |
general purpose |
| Puppy Linux |
Barry Kauler |
Puppy Foundation |
2002-07-12 (0.4) |
none |
2007-10-15[1] |
desktop |
| QiLinux |
QiLinux team |
QiLinux team |
2003-10-31 (1.0alpha2) |
none |
2006-08-01 |
desktop, server |
| Red Flag Linux |
Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NewMargin Venture Capital |
Red Flag Software Co., Ltd. |
1999-09-20 |
Asianux |
2005-11-11 |
general purpose |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux |
Red Hat & Fedora Project |
Red Hat & Fedora Project |
2000-03-27 (RHL 6.2E (Zoot)) |
Red Hat Linux |
2007-03-14 |
business workstation, server |
| Red Hat Linux |
Red Hat |
Red Hat |
1995-05-13 (1.0) |
none |
2003-03-31 |
server, workstation |
| Rxart |
Pixart SRL |
Pixart SRL |
2000-03-? |
Debian |
2006-04-16 |
desktop, workstation, server |
| Sabayon Linux |
lxnay Design |
dev team |
? |
Gentoo |
2007-09-07 |
desktop |
| Satux |
Institute of Technology JRSC (iTJRSC) |
Institute of Technology JRSC (iTJRSC) |
2007 |
Debian |
2007[2] |
desktop, end user |
| Scientific Linux |
CERN, Fermilab |
dev team |
2004-5-10 |
RHL/RHEL |
2007-05-04 |
science |
| sidux |
sidux team |
sidux team, sidux e.V. |
2007-02-21 |
Debian Sid |
2008-04-12 |
desktop |
| SimplyMEPIS |
Warren Woodford |
MEPIS LLC. |
2003-09-05 |
Debian |
2007-12-23 |
desktop |
| Slackware |
Patrick Volkerding |
dev team |
1993-07-16 |
SLS |
2008-05-02 |
desktop, workstation, server |
| SLAX |
Tomas Matejicek |
Tomas Matejicek |
2002-06-16 |
Slackware |
2008-04-18 |
live CD |
| SliTaz GNU/Linux |
Christophe Lincoln |
dev team |
2008-03-22 |
none |
2008-03-22 |
live CD |
| Source Mage GNU/Linux |
Ryan Abrams, Eric Schabell |
dev team |
2002-06-? |
Sorcerer |
2007-03-27 |
general purpose |
| SUSE Linux |
SUSE Linux / Novell |
Novell, Inc. dev team |
1994-03-? |
SUSE Linux |
2007-06-26 |
business desktop, server |
| Symphony OS |
Ryan Quinn |
Ryan Quinn & Jason Spisak |
? |
Debian |
2006-12-13 |
desktop |
| Trustix Secure Linux |
Comodo Group, Inc. |
Comodo Group, Inc. |
2000-02-? |
Red Hat Linux |
2007-03-06 |
server |
| Ubuntu |
Canonical Ltd. |
Canonical Ltd. |
2004-10-20 |
Debian |
2008-04-24 |
desktop, server |
| Kubuntu |
Canonical Ltd. |
Canonical Ltd. |
2005-04-08 |
Debian |
2008-04-24 |
desktop |
| Xubuntu |
Canonical Ltd. |
Canonical Ltd. |
2006-06-01 |
Debian |
2008-04-24 |
desktop |
| Edubuntu |
Canonical Ltd. |
Canonical Ltd. |
2005-10-13 |
Debian |
2008-04-24 |
computer lab |
| Gobuntu |
Canonical Ltd. |
Canonical Ltd. |
2007-10-18 |
Debian |
2008-04-24 |
desktop |
| Ubuntu Studio |
Canonical Ltd. |
Canonical Ltd. |
2007-05-11 |
Debian |
2008-04-24 |
multimedia |
| Ututo |
Diego Saravia, Daniel Olivera |
UTUTO dev-team |
2000-?-? |
Gentoo Linux |
2006-03-04 |
general purpose |
| VectorLinux |
Robert S. Lange |
dev team |
1999-?-? |
Slackware |
2007-05-17 |
desktop |
| Xandros |
Xandros Corp. |
Xandros, Inc. |
2002-10-22 |
Corel Linux |
2006-06-21 |
desktop |
| Yellow Dog Linux |
Terra Soft Solutions |
Terra Soft Solutions |
1999 |
Fedora |
2008-02-05 |
desktop, workstation |
| Yoper |
Andreas Giradet |
The Yoper Team |
2003-03-05 |
none |
2007-10-03 |
desktop, workstation, server |
| Zenwalk Linux |
Jean-Philippe Guillemin |
dev team |
2004-05-21 (as Minislack) |
Slackware |
2008-06-07 |
desktop, server |
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May 22nd, 2008
The following graph from netcraft shows the market share for Top Servers Across All Domains August 1995 - May 2008. The Apache server is leading with others and contributing 50.42% which is a larger percentage as compare to other top servers.

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May 10th, 2008
To get access webalizer out side cPanel, you will need shell access with the following steps.
Otherwise you should contact cpanel to do this for you.
The following steps need to be completed to enable webalize stats outside of cPanel:
1. cd /home/domain/www
2. ln -s ../tmp/webalizer stats
3. cd ..
4. chmod 755 tmp
5. cd tmp
6. chmod 755 webalizer
Once completed, http://www.domain.com/stats/ should show your webalizer stats.
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